Do you get your CFRs mixed up with your FOBs?
Well no more!
Read on for the low-down on all things Incoterms below.
Incoterms is an acronym for International Commercial Terms, a set of internationally recognised rules defined by the International Chamber of Commerce to determine the terms of sale between sellers and buyers.
The specific incoterm for a sales contract will specify who is responsible for the payment and management of shipping, documentation, customs clearance, and insurance activities for the carriage of goods, as well as when risk for the goods is transferred between parties.
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Incoterms
The seven incoterms for any form of transport are:
EXW - Ex works (insert place of delivery)
The seller is responsible for making the goods available at a specific location, usually the seller's warehouse. The buyer is responsible for all transportation costs and assumes all risk for the goods once they are collected.
FCA - Free Carrier (insert place of delivery)
CPT - Carriage Paid to (insert place of destination)
CIP - Carriage and Insurance Paid To (insert place of destination)
DAP - Delivered at Place (insert named place of destination)
DPU - Delivered at Place Unloaded (insert of place of destination)
DDP - Delivered Duty Paid (Insert place of destination)
The four incoterms for shipping are:
FAS - Free Alongside Ship (insert name of port of loading)
The seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the port of export where they are to be deposited alongside the designated shipping vessel for easier loading. Risk for the shipment is assumed by the buyer at this point.
FOB - Free on Board (insert named port of loading)
CFR - Cost and Freight (insert named port of destination)
CIF - Cost Insurance and Freight (insert named port of destination)
What's Not Included?
Incoterms do not cover all of the details regarding the transfer of goods. Whilst they are normally included in a contract of sale they do not:
Address all the conditions of a sale
Identify the goods being sold nor list the contract price
Reference the method nor timing of payment negotiated between the seller or buyer
Determine when title, or ownership of the goods, passes from the seller to the buyer
Specify which documents must be provided to facilitate import customs clearance
Address liability for inconformities with the contract of sale in delivering the goods
Address liability for delivery delays
Define any dispute resolution mechanisms
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